This project aims to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying rapid audio-vocal integration in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), focusing on their ability to interrupt and modulate vocalizations in response to acoustic stimuli. We recently demonstrated that common marmosets are capable of rapidly modulating ongoing vocalizations after the onset of acoustic disturbances, even while the vocalization is still in progress. However, it remains unclear how and at which brain levels the vocal motor network is affected by acoustic stimuli, and which internal and external factors govern the execution of this behavior.

By integrating psychophysical, neuroethological, and neurophysiological approaches, we aim to elucidate the roles of cortical and subcortical structures—such as the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the periaqueductal gray in the midbrain, and the ventrolateral pontine brainstem—in rapid audio-vocal integration during vocalization in marmosets. A key focus will be on how context and timing influence the animals’ ability to flexibly modulate their vocal output. Specifically, we will investigate vocal performance and parameters of vocalization structure both in a cognitive vocal-motor training task and during social interactions. We hypothesize that vocal performance is closely linked to cognitive and social factors. Furthermore, we expect to identify the quantitative extent to which cortical and subcortical structures contribute to vocal flexibility and how social factors interact with the vocal-motor network.

This research will provide crucial insights into the neural mechanisms that support flexible vocal communication. By focusing on marmosets, we aim to identify fundamental principles that may be transferable to other vocalizing species, thus contributing to a broader understanding of the evolution and function of vocal communication within this research group.