This research project investigates the neural basis of vocal interactions in zebra finches, with a focus on coordinated call exchanges between individuals. By combining behavioral observations with state-of-the-art electrophysiological methods that record the underlying neural activity, the interaction of cortical and subcortical brain regions will be analyzed.

The aim is to gain a better understanding of both spontaneous and socially context-dependent vocalizations and their neural control. A key focus is the role of developmental experiences in the precision of call exchanges. Specifically, the project investigates whether social interactions during the critical phase of song learning influence the ability to precisely coordinate calls and avoid overlaps with the interaction partner. To this end, young birds are raised in different social contexts, and their vocalizations are recorded and analyzed, both in interactions with conspecifics and with computer-generated song playback. In parallel, neural activity related to vocal interactions is measured, particularly in the midbrain nucleus DM, the presumed homolog of the periaqueductal gray in mammals, which is thought to play a central role in controlling call production and coordination. Neural activity in DM is continuously recorded in freely moving animals under various social conditions (e.g., social isolation, interaction with different partners). Additionally, the neural interaction between DM and the cortical vocal nucleus HVC is investigated. HVC is a key area of ​​the vocal system that controls the precise timing of learned vocalizations. The simultaneous recording of neural activity in both brain regions aims to demonstrate the influence of HVC on neural activity in DM and the precisely coordinated call changes (“vocal turn-taking”) generated there.

This approach should shed light on how the brain can dynamically switch between less temporally precise, spontaneous interactions and highly precise, socially context-dependent vocalizations. The results contribute to the understanding of the neural basis of flexible vocal communication, which is essential for navigating complex social environments. The songbird model allows for the investigation of fundamental learning principles that are transferable to other species with learned vocal interactions. The research findings thus contribute to the understanding of the development and function of vocal interaction in genera